Be Careful Where You Smile: Culture Shapes Judgments of Intelligence and Honesty of Smiling Individuals
Identifieur interne : 003114 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 003113; suivant : 003115Be Careful Where You Smile: Culture Shapes Judgments of Intelligence and Honesty of Smiling Individuals
Auteurs : Kuba Krys [Pologne] ; C. -Melanie Vauclair [Portugal] ; Colin A. Capaldi [Canada] ; Vivian Miu-Chi Lun [Hong Kong] ; Michael Harris Bond [Hong Kong] ; Alejandra Domínguez-Espinosa [Mexique] ; Claudio Torres [Brésil] ; Ottmar V. Lipp [Australie] ; L. Sam S. Manickam [Inde] ; Cai Xing [République populaire de Chine] ; Radka Antalíková [Danemark] ; Vassilis Pavlopoulos [Grèce] ; Julien Teyssier [France] ; Taekyun Hur [Corée du Sud] ; Karolina Hansen [Pologne] ; Piotr Szarota [Pologne] ; Ramadan A. Ahmed [Égypte] ; Eleonora Burtceva [Russie] ; Ana Chkhaidze [Géorgie (pays)] ; Enila Cenko [Albanie] ; Patrick Denoux [France] ; Márta Fülöp [Hongrie] ; Arif Hassan [Malaisie] ; David O. Igbokwe ; Dil I K [Turquie] ; Gwatirera Javangwe [Zimbabwe] ; María Malbran [Argentine] ; Fridanna Maricchiolo [Italie] ; Hera Mikarsa [Indonésie] ; Lynden K. Miles [Royaume-Uni] ; Martin Nader [Colombie] ; Joonha Park [Japon] ; Muhammad Rizwan [Suisse] ; Radwa Salem [États-Unis] ; Beate Schwarz [Suisse] ; Irfana Shah [Pakistan] ; Chien-Ru Sun ; Wijnand Van Tilburg [Royaume-Uni] ; Wolfgang Wagner [Autriche] ; Ryan Wise [Turquie] ; Angela Arriola Yu [Philippines]Source :
- Journal of Nonverbal Behavior [ 0191-5886 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
Smiling individuals are usually perceived more favorably than non-smiling ones—they are judged as happier, more attractive, competent, and friendly. These seemingly clear and obvious consequences of smiling are assumed to be culturally universal, however most of the psychological research is carried out in WEIRD societies (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic) and the influence of culture on social perception of nonverbal behavior is still understudied. Here we show that a smiling individual may be judged as less intelligent than the same non-smiling individual in cultures low on the GLOBE’s uncertainty avoidance dimension. Furthermore, we show that corruption at the societal level may undermine the prosocial perception of smiling—in societies with high corruption indicators, trust toward smiling individuals is reduced. This research fosters understanding of the cultural framework surrounding nonverbal communication processes and reveals that in some cultures smiling may lead to negative attributions.
Url:
DOI: 10.1007/s10919-015-0226-4
PubMed: 27194817
PubMed Central: 4840223
Affiliations:
- Albanie, Argentine, Australie, Autriche, Brésil, Canada, Colombie, Corée du Sud, Danemark, France, Grèce, Géorgie (pays), Hong Kong, Hongrie, Inde, Indonésie, Italie, Japon, Malaisie, Mexique, Pakistan, Philippines, Pologne, Portugal, Royaume-Uni, Russie, République populaire de Chine, Suisse, Turquie, Zimbabwe, Égypte, États-Unis
- Angleterre, Grand Londres, Hongrie centrale, Jutland du Nord, Latium, Midi-Pyrénées, Occitanie (région administrative), Région capitale de Séoul, État de New York
- Aalborg, Budapest, Londres, Pékin, Rome, Séoul, Toulouse
- Université d'Aalborg
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Manickam</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff9">Department of Psychiatry, JSS University, Karnataka, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, JSS University, Karnataka</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Karnataka</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xing, Cai" sort="Xing, Cai" uniqKey="Xing C" first="Cai" last="Xing">Cai Xing</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff10">Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Antalikova, Radka" sort="Antalikova, Radka" uniqKey="Antalikova R" first="Radka" last="Antalíková">Radka Antalíková</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff11">Department of Communication and Psychology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Communication and Psychology, Aalborg University, Aalborg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Aalborg</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Aalborg</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Jutland du Nord</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pavlopoulos, Vassilis" sort="Pavlopoulos, Vassilis" uniqKey="Pavlopoulos V" first="Vassilis" last="Pavlopoulos">Vassilis Pavlopoulos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff12">Department of Psychology, University of Athens, Attica, Greece</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, University of Athens, Attica</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Attica</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Teyssier, Julien" sort="Teyssier, Julien" uniqKey="Teyssier J" first="Julien" last="Teyssier">Julien Teyssier</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff13">Département Clinique du Sujet, Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, Toulouse, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Département Clinique du Sujet, Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, Toulouse</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Midi-Pyrénées</region><settlement type="city">Toulouse</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hur, Taekyun" sort="Hur, Taekyun" uniqKey="Hur T" first="Taekyun" last="Hur">Taekyun Hur</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff14">Department of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement><region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hansen, Karolina" sort="Hansen, Karolina" uniqKey="Hansen K" first="Karolina" last="Hansen">Karolina Hansen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff15">Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Warsaw</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Szarota, Piotr" sort="Szarota, Piotr" uniqKey="Szarota P" first="Piotr" last="Szarota">Piotr Szarota</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jaracza 1, 00-378 Warsaw, Poland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jaracza 1, 00-378 Warsaw</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>00-378 Warsaw</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ahmed, Ramadan A" sort="Ahmed, Ramadan A" uniqKey="Ahmed R" first="Ramadan A." last="Ahmed">Ramadan A. Ahmed</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff16">Faculty of Arts, Menoufia University, Al Minufya, Egypt</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Arts, Menoufia University, Al Minufya</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Al Minufya</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burtceva, Eleonora" sort="Burtceva, Eleonora" uniqKey="Burtceva E" first="Eleonora" last="Burtceva">Eleonora Burtceva</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff17">Faculty of Sociology, Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Sociology, Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>St. Petersburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chkhaidze, Ana" sort="Chkhaidze, Ana" uniqKey="Chkhaidze A" first="Ana" last="Chkhaidze">Ana Chkhaidze</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff18">Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Agricultural University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Géorgie (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Agricultural University of Georgia, Tbilisi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tbilisi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cenko, Enila" sort="Cenko, Enila" uniqKey="Cenko E" first="Enila" last="Cenko">Enila Cenko</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff19">University of New York Tirana, Tirana, Albania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Albanie</country><wicri:regionArea>University of New York Tirana, Tirana</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tirana</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Denoux, Patrick" sort="Denoux, Patrick" uniqKey="Denoux P" first="Patrick" last="Denoux">Patrick Denoux</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff13">Département Clinique du Sujet, Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, Toulouse, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Département Clinique du Sujet, Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, Toulouse</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Midi-Pyrénées</region><settlement type="city">Toulouse</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fulop, Marta" sort="Fulop, Marta" uniqKey="Fulop M" first="Márta" last="Fülöp">Márta Fülöp</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff20">Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Hongrie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Budapest</settlement><region nuts="2">Hongrie centrale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hassan, Arif" sort="Hassan, Arif" uniqKey="Hassan A" first="Arif" last="Hassan">Arif Hassan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff21">Department of Business Administration, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Malaisie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Business Administration, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kuala Lumpur</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Igbokwe, David O" sort="Igbokwe, David O" uniqKey="Igbokwe D" first="David O." last="Igbokwe">David O. Igbokwe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff22">College of Leadership Development Studies, Covenant University, Canaanland, Ota, Ogun State Nigeria</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Ogun State Nigeria</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="I K, Dil" sort="I K, Dil" uniqKey="I K " first=" Dil" last="I K"> Dil I K</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff23">Istanbul Bilgi University, Istanbul, Turkey</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Turquie</country><wicri:regionArea>Istanbul Bilgi University, Istanbul</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Istanbul</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Javangwe, Gwatirera" sort="Javangwe, Gwatirera" uniqKey="Javangwe G" first="Gwatirera" last="Javangwe">Gwatirera Javangwe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff24">Department of Psychology, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Zimbabwe</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, University of Zimbabwe, Harare</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Harare</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malbran, Maria" sort="Malbran, Maria" uniqKey="Malbran M" first="María" last="Malbran">María Malbran</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff25">Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country><wicri:regionArea>Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>La Plata</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maricchiolo, Fridanna" sort="Maricchiolo, Fridanna" uniqKey="Maricchiolo F" first="Fridanna" last="Maricchiolo">Fridanna Maricchiolo</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff26">Department of Education, University of Roma Tre, Rome, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Education, University of Roma Tre, Rome</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mikarsa, Hera" sort="Mikarsa, Hera" uniqKey="Mikarsa H" first="Hera" last="Mikarsa">Hera Mikarsa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff27">Faculty of Psychology, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Indonésie</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Psychology, University of Indonesia, Depok</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Depok</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Miles, Lynden K" sort="Miles, Lynden K" uniqKey="Miles L" first="Lynden K." last="Miles">Lynden K. Miles</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff28">School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Aberdeen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nader, Martin" sort="Nader, Martin" uniqKey="Nader M" first="Martin" last="Nader">Martin Nader</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff29">Department of Psychological Studies, Universidad ICESI, Cali, Colombia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Colombie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychological Studies, Universidad ICESI, Cali</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cali</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Joonha" sort="Park, Joonha" uniqKey="Park J" first="Joonha" last="Park">Joonha Park</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff30">Nagoya University of Commerce and Business, Nagoya, Japan</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Nagoya University of Commerce and Business, Nagoya</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nagoya</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rizwan, Muhammad" sort="Rizwan, Muhammad" uniqKey="Rizwan M" first="Muhammad" last="Rizwan">Muhammad Rizwan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff31">Department of Health Sciences and Health Policy, University of Luzern, Lucerne, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Health Sciences and Health Policy, University of Luzern, Lucerne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lucerne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salem, Radwa" sort="Salem, Radwa" uniqKey="Salem R" first="Radwa" last="Salem">Radwa Salem</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff32">Silver School of Social Work, New York University, New York City, NY USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Silver School of Social Work, New York University, New York City</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schwarz, Beate" sort="Schwarz, Beate" uniqKey="Schwarz B" first="Beate" last="Schwarz">Beate Schwarz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff33">Department of Applied Psychology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Applied Psychology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Zurich</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Zurich</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shah, Irfana" sort="Shah, Irfana" uniqKey="Shah I" first="Irfana" last="Shah">Irfana Shah</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff34">Department of Psychology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jamshoro</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sun, Chien Ru" sort="Sun, Chien Ru" uniqKey="Sun C" first="Chien-Ru" last="Sun">Chien-Ru Sun</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff35">Department of Psychology, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Taiwan Republic of China</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Tilburg, Wijnand" sort="Van Tilburg, Wijnand" uniqKey="Van Tilburg W" first="Wijnand" last="Van Tilburg">Wijnand Van Tilburg</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff36">Department of Psychology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, King’s College London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wagner, Wolfgang" sort="Wagner, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Wagner W" first="Wolfgang" last="Wagner">Wolfgang Wagner</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff37">Department of Social and Economic Psychology, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Social and Economic Psychology, Johannes Kepler University, Linz</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Linz</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wise, Ryan" sort="Wise, Ryan" uniqKey="Wise R" first="Ryan" last="Wise">Ryan Wise</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff23">Istanbul Bilgi University, Istanbul, Turkey</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Turquie</country><wicri:regionArea>Istanbul Bilgi University, Istanbul</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Istanbul</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yu, Angela Arriola" sort="Yu, Angela Arriola" uniqKey="Yu A" first="Angela Arriola" last="Yu">Angela Arriola Yu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff38">Department of Psychology, University of the Philippines-Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Philippines</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, University of the Philippines-Diliman, Quezon City</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Quezon City</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">27194817</idno><idno type="pmc">4840223</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4840223</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4840223</idno><idno type="doi">10.1007/s10919-015-0226-4</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000D59</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" 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type="wicri:doubleKey">0191-5886:2015:Krys K:be:careful:where</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">003115</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">003114</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">003114</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Be Careful Where You Smile: Culture Shapes Judgments of Intelligence and Honesty of Smiling Individuals</title><author><name sortKey="Krys, Kuba" sort="Krys, Kuba" uniqKey="Krys K" first="Kuba" last="Krys">Kuba Krys</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jaracza 1, 00-378 Warsaw, Poland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jaracza 1, 00-378 Warsaw</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>00-378 Warsaw</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey=" Melanie Vauclair, C" sort=" Melanie Vauclair, C" uniqKey=" Melanie Vauclair C" first="C." last="-Melanie Vauclair">C. -Melanie Vauclair</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Cis-IUL, Lisbon, Portugal</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Cis-IUL, Lisbon</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lisbon</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Capaldi, Colin A" sort="Capaldi, Colin A" uniqKey="Capaldi C" first="Colin A." last="Capaldi">Colin A. Capaldi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ottawa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lun, Vivian Miu Chi" sort="Lun, Vivian Miu Chi" uniqKey="Lun V" first="Vivian Miu-Chi" last="Lun">Vivian Miu-Chi Lun</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff4">Department of Applied Psychology, Lingnan University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Applied Psychology, Lingnan University, Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bond, Michael Harris" sort="Bond, Michael Harris" uniqKey="Bond M" first="Michael Harris" last="Bond">Michael Harris Bond</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Department of Management and Marketing, Faculty of Business, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Management and Marketing, Faculty of Business, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dominguez Espinosa, Alejandra" sort="Dominguez Espinosa, Alejandra" uniqKey="Dominguez Espinosa A" first="Alejandra" last="Domínguez-Espinosa">Alejandra Domínguez-Espinosa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff6">Psychology Department, Iberoamerican University, Mexico City, Mexico</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Mexique</country><wicri:regionArea>Psychology Department, Iberoamerican University, Mexico City</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mexico City</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Torres, Claudio" sort="Torres, Claudio" uniqKey="Torres C" first="Claudio" last="Torres">Claudio Torres</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff7">Institute of Psychology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Psychology, University of Brasilia, Brasília</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Brasília</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lipp, Ottmar V" sort="Lipp, Ottmar V" uniqKey="Lipp O" first="Ottmar V." last="Lipp">Ottmar V. Lipp</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff8">School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Perth</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manickam, L Sam S" sort="Manickam, L Sam S" uniqKey="Manickam L" first="L. Sam S." last="Manickam">L. Sam S. Manickam</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff9">Department of Psychiatry, JSS University, Karnataka, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, JSS University, Karnataka</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Karnataka</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xing, Cai" sort="Xing, Cai" uniqKey="Xing C" first="Cai" last="Xing">Cai Xing</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff10">Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Antalikova, Radka" sort="Antalikova, Radka" uniqKey="Antalikova R" first="Radka" last="Antalíková">Radka Antalíková</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff11">Department of Communication and Psychology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Communication and Psychology, Aalborg University, Aalborg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Aalborg</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Aalborg</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Jutland du Nord</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pavlopoulos, Vassilis" sort="Pavlopoulos, Vassilis" uniqKey="Pavlopoulos V" first="Vassilis" last="Pavlopoulos">Vassilis Pavlopoulos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff12">Department of Psychology, University of Athens, Attica, Greece</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, University of Athens, Attica</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Attica</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Teyssier, Julien" sort="Teyssier, Julien" uniqKey="Teyssier J" first="Julien" last="Teyssier">Julien Teyssier</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff13">Département Clinique du Sujet, Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, Toulouse, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Département Clinique du Sujet, Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, Toulouse</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Midi-Pyrénées</region><settlement type="city">Toulouse</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hur, Taekyun" sort="Hur, Taekyun" uniqKey="Hur T" first="Taekyun" last="Hur">Taekyun Hur</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff14">Department of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement><region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hansen, Karolina" sort="Hansen, Karolina" uniqKey="Hansen K" first="Karolina" last="Hansen">Karolina Hansen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff15">Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Warsaw</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Szarota, Piotr" sort="Szarota, Piotr" uniqKey="Szarota P" first="Piotr" last="Szarota">Piotr Szarota</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jaracza 1, 00-378 Warsaw, Poland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jaracza 1, 00-378 Warsaw</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>00-378 Warsaw</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ahmed, Ramadan A" sort="Ahmed, Ramadan A" uniqKey="Ahmed R" first="Ramadan A." last="Ahmed">Ramadan A. Ahmed</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff16">Faculty of Arts, Menoufia University, Al Minufya, Egypt</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Arts, Menoufia University, Al Minufya</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Al Minufya</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burtceva, Eleonora" sort="Burtceva, Eleonora" uniqKey="Burtceva E" first="Eleonora" last="Burtceva">Eleonora Burtceva</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff17">Faculty of Sociology, Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Sociology, Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>St. Petersburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chkhaidze, Ana" sort="Chkhaidze, Ana" uniqKey="Chkhaidze A" first="Ana" last="Chkhaidze">Ana Chkhaidze</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff18">Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Agricultural University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Géorgie (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Agricultural University of Georgia, Tbilisi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tbilisi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cenko, Enila" sort="Cenko, Enila" uniqKey="Cenko E" first="Enila" last="Cenko">Enila Cenko</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff19">University of New York Tirana, Tirana, Albania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Albanie</country><wicri:regionArea>University of New York Tirana, Tirana</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tirana</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Denoux, Patrick" sort="Denoux, Patrick" uniqKey="Denoux P" first="Patrick" last="Denoux">Patrick Denoux</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff13">Département Clinique du Sujet, Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, Toulouse, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Département Clinique du Sujet, Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, Toulouse</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Midi-Pyrénées</region><settlement type="city">Toulouse</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fulop, Marta" sort="Fulop, Marta" uniqKey="Fulop M" first="Márta" last="Fülöp">Márta Fülöp</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff20">Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Hongrie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Budapest</settlement><region nuts="2">Hongrie centrale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hassan, Arif" sort="Hassan, Arif" uniqKey="Hassan A" first="Arif" last="Hassan">Arif Hassan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff21">Department of Business Administration, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Malaisie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Business Administration, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kuala Lumpur</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Igbokwe, David O" sort="Igbokwe, David O" uniqKey="Igbokwe D" first="David O." last="Igbokwe">David O. Igbokwe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff22">College of Leadership Development Studies, Covenant University, Canaanland, Ota, Ogun State Nigeria</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Ogun State Nigeria</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="I K, Dil" sort="I K, Dil" uniqKey="I K " first=" Dil" last="I K"> Dil I K</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff23">Istanbul Bilgi University, Istanbul, Turkey</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Turquie</country><wicri:regionArea>Istanbul Bilgi University, Istanbul</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Istanbul</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Javangwe, Gwatirera" sort="Javangwe, Gwatirera" uniqKey="Javangwe G" first="Gwatirera" last="Javangwe">Gwatirera Javangwe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff24">Department of Psychology, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Zimbabwe</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, University of Zimbabwe, Harare</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Harare</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malbran, Maria" sort="Malbran, Maria" uniqKey="Malbran M" first="María" last="Malbran">María Malbran</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff25">Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country><wicri:regionArea>Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>La Plata</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maricchiolo, Fridanna" sort="Maricchiolo, Fridanna" uniqKey="Maricchiolo F" first="Fridanna" last="Maricchiolo">Fridanna Maricchiolo</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff26">Department of Education, University of Roma Tre, Rome, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Education, University of Roma Tre, Rome</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mikarsa, Hera" sort="Mikarsa, Hera" uniqKey="Mikarsa H" first="Hera" last="Mikarsa">Hera Mikarsa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff27">Faculty of Psychology, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Indonésie</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Psychology, University of Indonesia, Depok</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Depok</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Miles, Lynden K" sort="Miles, Lynden K" uniqKey="Miles L" first="Lynden K." last="Miles">Lynden K. Miles</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff28">School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Aberdeen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nader, Martin" sort="Nader, Martin" uniqKey="Nader M" first="Martin" last="Nader">Martin Nader</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff29">Department of Psychological Studies, Universidad ICESI, Cali, Colombia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Colombie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychological Studies, Universidad ICESI, Cali</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cali</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Joonha" sort="Park, Joonha" uniqKey="Park J" first="Joonha" last="Park">Joonha Park</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff30">Nagoya University of Commerce and Business, Nagoya, Japan</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Nagoya University of Commerce and Business, Nagoya</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nagoya</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rizwan, Muhammad" sort="Rizwan, Muhammad" uniqKey="Rizwan M" first="Muhammad" last="Rizwan">Muhammad Rizwan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff31">Department of Health Sciences and Health Policy, University of Luzern, Lucerne, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Health Sciences and Health Policy, University of Luzern, Lucerne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lucerne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salem, Radwa" sort="Salem, Radwa" uniqKey="Salem R" first="Radwa" last="Salem">Radwa Salem</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff32">Silver School of Social Work, New York University, New York City, NY USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Silver School of Social Work, New York University, New York City</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schwarz, Beate" sort="Schwarz, Beate" uniqKey="Schwarz B" first="Beate" last="Schwarz">Beate Schwarz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff33">Department of Applied Psychology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Applied Psychology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Zurich</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Zurich</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shah, Irfana" sort="Shah, Irfana" uniqKey="Shah I" first="Irfana" last="Shah">Irfana Shah</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff34">Department of Psychology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jamshoro</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sun, Chien Ru" sort="Sun, Chien Ru" uniqKey="Sun C" first="Chien-Ru" last="Sun">Chien-Ru Sun</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff35">Department of Psychology, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Taiwan Republic of China</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Tilburg, Wijnand" sort="Van Tilburg, Wijnand" uniqKey="Van Tilburg W" first="Wijnand" last="Van Tilburg">Wijnand Van Tilburg</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff36">Department of Psychology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, King’s College London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wagner, Wolfgang" sort="Wagner, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Wagner W" first="Wolfgang" last="Wagner">Wolfgang Wagner</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff37">Department of Social and Economic Psychology, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Social and Economic Psychology, Johannes Kepler University, Linz</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Linz</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wise, Ryan" sort="Wise, Ryan" uniqKey="Wise R" first="Ryan" last="Wise">Ryan Wise</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff23">Istanbul Bilgi University, Istanbul, Turkey</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Turquie</country><wicri:regionArea>Istanbul Bilgi University, Istanbul</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Istanbul</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yu, Angela Arriola" sort="Yu, Angela Arriola" uniqKey="Yu A" first="Angela Arriola" last="Yu">Angela Arriola Yu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff38">Department of Psychology, University of the Philippines-Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Philippines</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, University of the Philippines-Diliman, Quezon City</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Quezon City</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of Nonverbal Behavior</title><idno type="ISSN">0191-5886</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Smiling individuals are usually perceived more favorably than non-smiling ones—they are judged as happier, more attractive, competent, and friendly. These seemingly clear and obvious consequences of smiling are assumed to be culturally universal, however most of the psychological research is carried out in WEIRD societies (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic) and the influence of culture on social perception of nonverbal behavior is still understudied. Here we show that a smiling individual may be judged as less intelligent than the same non-smiling individual in cultures low on the GLOBE’s uncertainty avoidance dimension. Furthermore, we show that corruption at the societal level may undermine the prosocial perception of smiling—in societies with high corruption indicators, trust toward smiling individuals is reduced. This research fosters understanding of the cultural framework surrounding nonverbal communication processes and reveals that in some cultures smiling may lead to negative attributions.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Abe, J" uniqKey="Abe J">J Abe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Beetham, M" uniqKey="Beetham M">M Beetham</name></author><author><name sortKey="Izard, C" uniqKey="Izard C">C Izard</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Abele, A" uniqKey="Abele A">A Abele</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wojciszke, B" uniqKey="Wojciszke B">B Wojciszke</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Abele, A" uniqKey="Abele A">A Abele</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wojciszke, B" uniqKey="Wojciszke B">B Wojciszke</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bakan, D" uniqKey="Bakan D">D Bakan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bedford, N" uniqKey="Bedford N">N Bedford</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fallon, S" uniqKey="Fallon S">S Fallon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcadam, M" uniqKey="Mcadam M">M McAdam</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bond, M" uniqKey="Bond M">M Bond</name></author><author><name sortKey="Leung, K" uniqKey="Leung K">K Leung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Au, A" uniqKey="Au A">A Au</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tong, K K" uniqKey="Tong K">K-K Tong</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Carrasquel, S" uniqKey="De Carrasquel S">S De Carrasquel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Murakami, F" uniqKey="Murakami F">F Murakami</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brislin, R" uniqKey="Brislin R">R Brislin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name 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Gupta</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kraus, M" uniqKey="Kraus M">M Kraus</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, T" uniqKey="Chen T">T Chen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Krumhuber, E" uniqKey="Krumhuber E">E Krumhuber</name></author><author><name sortKey="Manstead, A" uniqKey="Manstead A">A Manstead</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kappas, A" uniqKey="Kappas A">A Kappas</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Krys, K" uniqKey="Krys K">K Krys</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hansen, K" uniqKey="Hansen K">K Hansen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xing, C" uniqKey="Xing C">C Xing</name></author><author><name sortKey="Szarota, P" uniqKey="Szarota P">P Szarota</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, M" uniqKey="Yang M">M Yang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Krys, K" uniqKey="Krys K">K Krys</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hansen, K" uniqKey="Hansen K">K Hansen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xing, C" uniqKey="Xing C">C Xing</name></author><author><name sortKey="Espinoza, A" uniqKey="Espinoza A">A Espinoza</name></author><author><name sortKey="Szarota, P" uniqKey="Szarota P">P Szarota</name></author><author><name sortKey="Morales, M" uniqKey="Morales M">M Morales</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lafrance, M" uniqKey="Lafrance M">M LaFrance</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hecht, M" uniqKey="Hecht M">M Hecht</name></author><author><name sortKey="Paluck, E" uniqKey="Paluck E">E Paluck</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Leung, K" uniqKey="Leung K">K Leung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bond, Mh" uniqKey="Bond M">MH Bond</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Leung, A" uniqKey="Leung A">A Leung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cohen, D" uniqKey="Cohen D">D Cohen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Matsumoto, D" uniqKey="Matsumoto D">D Matsumoto</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Matsumoto, D" uniqKey="Matsumoto D">D Matsumoto</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kudoh, T" uniqKey="Kudoh T">T Kudoh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Matsumoto, D" uniqKey="Matsumoto D">D Matsumoto</name></author><author><name sortKey="Willingham, B" uniqKey="Willingham B">B Willingham</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mehu, M" uniqKey="Mehu M">M Méhu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mehu, M" uniqKey="Mehu M">M Méhu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dunbar, R" uniqKey="Dunbar R">R Dunbar</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Miles, L" uniqKey="Miles L">L Miles</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Minear, M" uniqKey="Minear M">M Minear</name></author><author><name sortKey="Park, D" uniqKey="Park D">D Park</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Niedenthal, P" uniqKey="Niedenthal P">P Niedenthal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mermillod, M" uniqKey="Mermillod M">M Mermillod</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maringer, M" uniqKey="Maringer M">M Maringer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hess, U" uniqKey="Hess U">U Hess</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Otta, E" uniqKey="Otta E">E Otta</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lira, B" uniqKey="Lira B">B Lira</name></author><author><name sortKey="Delevati, N" uniqKey="Delevati N">N Delevati</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cesar, O" uniqKey="Cesar O">O Cesar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pires, C" uniqKey="Pires C">C Pires</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Palmer, M" uniqKey="Palmer M">M Palmer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Simmons, K" uniqKey="Simmons K">K Simmons</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rosenberg, M" uniqKey="Rosenberg M">M Rosenberg</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ruben, M" uniqKey="Ruben M">M Ruben</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hall, J" uniqKey="Hall J">J Hall</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schmid Mast, M" uniqKey="Schmid Mast M">M Schmid Mast</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rychlowska, M" uniqKey="Rychlowska M">M Rychlowska</name></author><author><name sortKey="Miyamoto, Y" uniqKey="Miyamoto Y">Y Miyamoto</name></author><author><name sortKey="Matsumoto, D" uniqKey="Matsumoto D">D Matsumoto</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hess, U" uniqKey="Hess U">U Hess</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gilboa Schechtman, E" uniqKey="Gilboa Schechtman E">E Gilboa-Schechtman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kamble, S" uniqKey="Kamble S">S Kamble</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Smith, P" uniqKey="Smith P">P Smith</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fischer, R" uniqKey="Fischer R">R Fischer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vignoles, V" uniqKey="Vignoles V">V Vignoles</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bond, M" uniqKey="Bond M">M Bond</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Thibault, P" uniqKey="Thibault P">P Thibault</name></author><author><name sortKey="Levesque, M" uniqKey="Levesque M">M Levesque</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gosselin, P" uniqKey="Gosselin P">P Gosselin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hess, U" uniqKey="Hess U">U Hess</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Weisbuch, M" uniqKey="Weisbuch M">M Weisbuch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ambady, N" uniqKey="Ambady N">N Ambady</name></author><author><name sortKey="Clarke, A" uniqKey="Clarke A">A Clarke</name></author><author><name sortKey="Achor, S" uniqKey="Achor S">S Achor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Weele, J" uniqKey="Weele J">J Weele</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wormann, V" uniqKey="Wormann V">V Wörmann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Holodynski, M" uniqKey="Holodynski M">M Holodynski</name></author><author><name sortKey="K Rtner, J" uniqKey="K Rtner J">J Kärtner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Keller, H" uniqKey="Keller H">H Keller</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Albanie</li><li>Argentine</li><li>Australie</li><li>Autriche</li><li>Brésil</li><li>Canada</li><li>Colombie</li><li>Corée du Sud</li><li>Danemark</li><li>France</li><li>Grèce</li><li>Géorgie (pays)</li><li>Hong Kong</li><li>Hongrie</li><li>Inde</li><li>Indonésie</li><li>Italie</li><li>Japon</li><li>Malaisie</li><li>Mexique</li><li>Pakistan</li><li>Philippines</li><li>Pologne</li><li>Portugal</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>Russie</li><li>République populaire de Chine</li><li>Suisse</li><li>Turquie</li><li>Zimbabwe</li><li>Égypte</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Grand Londres</li><li>Hongrie centrale</li><li>Jutland du Nord</li><li>Latium</li><li>Midi-Pyrénées</li><li>Occitanie (région administrative)</li><li>Région capitale de Séoul</li><li>État de New York</li></region><settlement><li>Aalborg</li><li>Budapest</li><li>Londres</li><li>Pékin</li><li>Rome</li><li>Séoul</li><li>Toulouse</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université d'Aalborg</li></orgName></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Igbokwe, David O" sort="Igbokwe, David O" uniqKey="Igbokwe D" first="David O." last="Igbokwe">David O. Igbokwe</name><name sortKey="Sun, Chien Ru" sort="Sun, Chien Ru" uniqKey="Sun C" first="Chien-Ru" last="Sun">Chien-Ru Sun</name></noCountry><country name="Pologne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Krys, Kuba" sort="Krys, Kuba" uniqKey="Krys K" first="Kuba" last="Krys">Kuba Krys</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Hansen, Karolina" sort="Hansen, Karolina" uniqKey="Hansen K" first="Karolina" last="Hansen">Karolina Hansen</name><name sortKey="Szarota, Piotr" sort="Szarota, Piotr" uniqKey="Szarota P" first="Piotr" last="Szarota">Piotr Szarota</name></country><country name="Portugal"><noRegion><name sortKey=" Melanie Vauclair, C" sort=" Melanie Vauclair, C" uniqKey=" Melanie Vauclair C" first="C." last="-Melanie Vauclair">C. -Melanie Vauclair</name></noRegion></country><country name="Canada"><noRegion><name sortKey="Capaldi, Colin A" sort="Capaldi, Colin A" uniqKey="Capaldi C" first="Colin A." last="Capaldi">Colin A. Capaldi</name></noRegion></country><country name="Hong Kong"><noRegion><name sortKey="Lun, Vivian Miu Chi" sort="Lun, Vivian Miu Chi" uniqKey="Lun V" first="Vivian Miu-Chi" last="Lun">Vivian Miu-Chi Lun</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Bond, Michael Harris" sort="Bond, Michael Harris" uniqKey="Bond M" first="Michael Harris" last="Bond">Michael Harris Bond</name></country><country name="Mexique"><noRegion><name sortKey="Dominguez Espinosa, Alejandra" sort="Dominguez Espinosa, Alejandra" uniqKey="Dominguez Espinosa A" first="Alejandra" last="Domínguez-Espinosa">Alejandra Domínguez-Espinosa</name></noRegion></country><country name="Brésil"><noRegion><name sortKey="Torres, Claudio" sort="Torres, Claudio" uniqKey="Torres C" first="Claudio" last="Torres">Claudio Torres</name></noRegion></country><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Lipp, Ottmar V" sort="Lipp, Ottmar V" uniqKey="Lipp O" first="Ottmar V." last="Lipp">Ottmar V. Lipp</name></noRegion></country><country name="Inde"><noRegion><name sortKey="Manickam, L Sam S" sort="Manickam, L Sam S" uniqKey="Manickam L" first="L. Sam S." last="Manickam">L. Sam S. Manickam</name></noRegion></country><country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Xing, Cai" sort="Xing, Cai" uniqKey="Xing C" first="Cai" last="Xing">Cai Xing</name></noRegion></country><country name="Danemark"><region name="Jutland du Nord"><name sortKey="Antalikova, Radka" sort="Antalikova, Radka" uniqKey="Antalikova R" first="Radka" last="Antalíková">Radka Antalíková</name></region></country><country name="Grèce"><noRegion><name sortKey="Pavlopoulos, Vassilis" sort="Pavlopoulos, Vassilis" uniqKey="Pavlopoulos V" first="Vassilis" last="Pavlopoulos">Vassilis Pavlopoulos</name></noRegion></country><country name="France"><region name="Occitanie (région administrative)"><name sortKey="Teyssier, Julien" sort="Teyssier, Julien" uniqKey="Teyssier J" first="Julien" last="Teyssier">Julien Teyssier</name></region><name sortKey="Denoux, Patrick" sort="Denoux, Patrick" uniqKey="Denoux P" first="Patrick" last="Denoux">Patrick Denoux</name></country><country name="Corée du Sud"><region name="Région capitale de Séoul"><name sortKey="Hur, Taekyun" sort="Hur, Taekyun" uniqKey="Hur T" first="Taekyun" last="Hur">Taekyun Hur</name></region></country><country name="Égypte"><noRegion><name sortKey="Ahmed, Ramadan A" sort="Ahmed, Ramadan A" uniqKey="Ahmed R" first="Ramadan A." last="Ahmed">Ramadan A. Ahmed</name></noRegion></country><country name="Russie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Burtceva, Eleonora" sort="Burtceva, Eleonora" uniqKey="Burtceva E" first="Eleonora" last="Burtceva">Eleonora Burtceva</name></noRegion></country><country name="Géorgie (pays)"><noRegion><name sortKey="Chkhaidze, Ana" sort="Chkhaidze, Ana" uniqKey="Chkhaidze A" first="Ana" last="Chkhaidze">Ana Chkhaidze</name></noRegion></country><country name="Albanie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Cenko, Enila" sort="Cenko, Enila" uniqKey="Cenko E" first="Enila" last="Cenko">Enila Cenko</name></noRegion></country><country name="Hongrie"><region name="Hongrie centrale"><name sortKey="Fulop, Marta" sort="Fulop, Marta" uniqKey="Fulop M" first="Márta" last="Fülöp">Márta Fülöp</name></region></country><country name="Malaisie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Hassan, Arif" sort="Hassan, Arif" uniqKey="Hassan A" first="Arif" last="Hassan">Arif Hassan</name></noRegion></country><country name="Turquie"><noRegion><name sortKey="I K, Dil" sort="I K, Dil" uniqKey="I K " first=" Dil" last="I K"> Dil I K</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Wise, Ryan" sort="Wise, Ryan" uniqKey="Wise R" first="Ryan" last="Wise">Ryan Wise</name></country><country name="Zimbabwe"><noRegion><name sortKey="Javangwe, Gwatirera" sort="Javangwe, Gwatirera" uniqKey="Javangwe G" first="Gwatirera" last="Javangwe">Gwatirera Javangwe</name></noRegion></country><country name="Argentine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Malbran, Maria" sort="Malbran, Maria" uniqKey="Malbran M" first="María" last="Malbran">María Malbran</name></noRegion></country><country name="Italie"><region name="Latium"><name sortKey="Maricchiolo, Fridanna" sort="Maricchiolo, Fridanna" uniqKey="Maricchiolo F" first="Fridanna" last="Maricchiolo">Fridanna Maricchiolo</name></region></country><country name="Indonésie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Mikarsa, Hera" sort="Mikarsa, Hera" uniqKey="Mikarsa H" first="Hera" last="Mikarsa">Hera Mikarsa</name></noRegion></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Miles, Lynden K" sort="Miles, Lynden K" uniqKey="Miles L" first="Lynden K." last="Miles">Lynden K. Miles</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Van Tilburg, Wijnand" sort="Van Tilburg, Wijnand" uniqKey="Van Tilburg W" first="Wijnand" last="Van Tilburg">Wijnand Van Tilburg</name></country><country name="Colombie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Nader, Martin" sort="Nader, Martin" uniqKey="Nader M" first="Martin" last="Nader">Martin Nader</name></noRegion></country><country name="Japon"><noRegion><name sortKey="Park, Joonha" sort="Park, Joonha" uniqKey="Park J" first="Joonha" last="Park">Joonha Park</name></noRegion></country><country name="Suisse"><noRegion><name sortKey="Rizwan, Muhammad" sort="Rizwan, Muhammad" uniqKey="Rizwan M" first="Muhammad" last="Rizwan">Muhammad Rizwan</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Schwarz, Beate" sort="Schwarz, Beate" uniqKey="Schwarz B" first="Beate" last="Schwarz">Beate Schwarz</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="État de New York"><name sortKey="Salem, Radwa" sort="Salem, Radwa" uniqKey="Salem R" first="Radwa" last="Salem">Radwa Salem</name></region></country><country name="Pakistan"><noRegion><name sortKey="Shah, Irfana" sort="Shah, Irfana" uniqKey="Shah I" first="Irfana" last="Shah">Irfana Shah</name></noRegion></country><country name="Autriche"><noRegion><name sortKey="Wagner, Wolfgang" sort="Wagner, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Wagner W" first="Wolfgang" last="Wagner">Wolfgang Wagner</name></noRegion></country><country name="Philippines"><noRegion><name sortKey="Yu, Angela Arriola" sort="Yu, Angela Arriola" uniqKey="Yu A" first="Angela Arriola" last="Yu">Angela Arriola Yu</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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